Definition:
Feistritzer
(1975) defined the seed era because of the techniques via which the genetic and
physical traits of seeds may be improved. It includes such sports as range
development, evaluation and release, seed manufacturing, processing, storage, and certification.
Seed technological know-how is the observation of the shape and improvement of seeds from the instant of fertilization of the egg mobile on the maternal plant until the formation of a new plant from the seed.
https://youtu.be/dRLhSzP5YWg
By visiting this video you can further understand the concept of seed sciences.
Seed
technology is divided into sections
carpology, which studies the seeds and fruits of untamed plant life, and the
alternative section research the seeds of cultivated flora. Seed science is the
theoretical basis of seed growing. Agricultural seed technology additionally
elaborates on methods of comparing and controlling seed cloth. The technology is
carefully linked with botany, biochemistry, genetics, and different biological
sciences.
Concept of Seed sciences and technology:
The distinction between seed and grain is vital,
being of seminal importance to agriculture. A seed, strictly speaking, is an
“embryo” a living organism embedded in the supporting or the food storage
tissue. The seed pertains to material (seed, fruit, or vegetatively propagating
material) meant for saving for planting purposes, the essential function being
reproduction. The seed when scientifically produced (such as under seed
certification) is distinctly superior in terms of seed quality, namely, the
improved variety, varietal purity, freedom from admixtures of weeds and other
crop seeds, seed health, high germination, and vigor, seed treatment, and safe
moisture content, etc. Grain, on the other hand, includes cereals and pulses
meant for human consumption.
Goals of Seed Science:
The important purpose of seed generation is to
increase agricultural manufacturing through the spread of correct-pleasant
seeds of excessive-yielding types. It ambitions at the following:
1. Speedy multiplication:
Growth in agricultural
production via the fastest feasible unfold of new varieties evolved by the
plant breeders. The time taken to make available the favored portions of seeds
of progressed varieties to farmers ought to be considered a measure of
efficiency and adequacy inside the development of seed era in us of a
2. Timely supply:
The improved seeds of new sorts
must be made available well in time so that the planting timetable of
farmers isn't disturbed and they may be capable of using the coolest seeds for
planting purposes. 3. Assured high pleasant of seeds: that is vital to acquire
the expected dividends from the usage of seeds of stepped forward varieties.
Four. Affordable price:
3. The fee for exquisite seed should be inside reach
of the common farmer.
https://youtu.be/OA_4NsCuitA
Importance of Seed Technology:
1. Progressed seed:
– a provider of the latest era
2. Improved seed :
– a basic tool for secured food
supply
3. Improved seed:
– the fundamental manner to comfy crop yield in less beneficial Production areas.
4. Advanced seed:
– a medium for fast rehabilitation
of agriculture in cases of natural
Unexpected exceptional failure.
Characteristics of a good seed:
The capabilities or characteristics that decide the
best seed are as below :
- high genetic purity
- excessive germination percentage
- higher vigor that provides a powerful plant stand in the discipline
- excessive bodily purity i.e. It has to be unfastened from other crop seeds and weed seeds.
- Sound seed fitness: unfastened from insects, pests, and organisms that reasons disease, unfastened
- From seed-borne disorder
- Wider adaptability: it can be grown and carried out higher beneath wide environmental
- And soil situations.
- continually possess high-yielding potential.
- nice for special characters: need to hold its superiority for the Characters/trends for which breed.
- response to fertilizers and other inputs: have to provide a better reaction to high Fertilizer dose and be able to deliver better yield.
- possess uniform seed size, weight, seed coloration, and unique gravity.
Duties and responsibilities of seed certification officers :
1. He must set up appropriate software, inspection,
and file bureaucracy.
2. He must perceive the actual source of the seed
for further multiplication.
3. He must make sure that certified seeds have to be
made out of an acceptable breeder or
Basis seeds.
Four. He has to ensure via subject inspections that
minimum requirements for isolation,
Planting ratio, roguing, and so on are maintained as
per the prescribed requirements.
5. To help the seed producer at the time of
harvesting, threshing, drying, and
Processing to save you any form of aggregate.
6. To problem suitable seed certification tags for
seed lots that satisfy all of the standards
Inspections.
7. To pattern and inspect seed masses and put up
such samples to the seed checking out
Laboratory.
8. To perform an educational application to promote
using certified seeds.
9. To maintain good enough statistics so that the
eligibility of a selected lot may be determined.
10. To investigate violations of prescribed
standards or proceedings from users of licensed seed and take suitable action.
Classes of seeds :
The seed of a released and popular variety produced
using the scientific technique is known as an advanced seed or nice seed.
Range refers to a genotype, which has been released for commercial cultivation
both through the country range release committee or the important variety
launch committee.
https://youtu.be/fUTr_G1aQ_c
Stepped forward seed results in (1) better
manufacturing (2) full-of-life seedling growth (3) Better crop stand (4) better
fine of merchandise and (5) higher crop yield.
Accordingly, the production of stepped-forward seeds
is an important aspect of seed generation. There are 4 lessons on advanced
seeds i.e.,
1. Nucleus seed:
it is the initial seed of an
improved range that's always restricted in amount. It is produced through the
unique plant breeder of an expansion. It's far produced at the studies farm of
the involved crop beneath the supervision of the original plant breeder. It's
miles genetically and bodily one hundred % pure. There's no want for seed
certification for the nucleus seed. Nucleus seed is used for the manufacturing
of the breeder seed.
2. Breeder seed:
it is the progeny of nucleus seed
produced below the strict supervision of the unique plant breeder at the
research farm of the worried crop studies station. It's miles produced in
isolation from other sorts. The isolation distance differs from species to
species. It is also genetically and physically a hundred% natural. Genetic
purity is maintained by using proper roguing. Seed certification isn't always
important for breeder seed. However, the seed plot is inspected by a tracking
crew led with the aid of the authentic plant breeder and a representative from
NSC, and the national seed certification corporation. Breeder seed is used for
the manufacturing of basis seed.
3. Foundation seed:
it's miles the progeny of the
breeder seed. It's far produced through the NSC or national Seed enterprise
under the strict supervision of a studies scientist. Its production is taken up
at the seed multiplication farms of the government, research farms of ICAR
institute or university farms, or on modern farmer’s fields. Proper isolation
distance is the pre-requisite for the production of basic seed, which varies
from crop to crop. Genetically basic seed is 100 % pure even as permissible
physical purity is 98 %. In the case of foundation seed, certification is
undertaken by nation Seed Certification corporation. Foundation seed is used
for the manufacturing of certified seed.
4. Certified seed:
it is the progeny of the foundation seed. It's far produced inside the subject of revolutionary farmers under the stern supervision of the state Seed Certification organization. Proper isolation is adopted for its production which varies from crop to crop. It has 100 % genetic purity and 98 % bodily purity. The other crop's seeds and weed seeds need to not be extra than prescribed standards which vary from species to species. Seed certification from the kingdom Seed Certification enterprise is needed for a licensed seed to satisfy the requirements of purity and germination of certified seed.
References:
http://www.jnkvv.org/PDF/30032020194456Principles_of_Seed_Technology_Dr_Rudrasen_Singh.pdf
https://coabnau.in/uploads/1614660953_GPB-4.4.TheoryNote.pdf
MASHALLAH .
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